Which instrument is primarily used for navigation in low visibility conditions?

The primary instrument used for navigation in low visibility conditions is the VOR (VHF Omnidirectional Range) or GPS (Global Positioning System). Both systems provide critical navigational information that enhances situational awareness, which is essential when visibility is limited.

VOR is a type of radio navigation system that allows pilots to determine their position and stay on course by tuning into specific ground-based stations. It provides directional information, guiding aircraft along established airways. In poor visibility, this capability is vital as it allows pilots to navigate using electronic signals rather than relying on visual references.

GPS, on the other hand, offers precise location data and navigation capabilities through satellite signals. It can provide waypoints, routing instructions, and real-time positional information, which is particularly beneficial when weather conditions impede sight of ground features or landmarks.

In contrast, while the ADF (Automatic Direction Finder) can be useful for navigation, especially in certain environments, it is less commonly relied upon in modern aviation compared to VOR and GPS. The magnetic compass offers navigational information based on magnetic north, which can be less precise and doesn't provide the same level of guidance as the other systems in low visibility. Finally, the altimeter is primarily a vital instrument for altitude awareness rather than