Which instrument can provide information about the aircraft's climb rate?

The vertical speed indicator (VSI) is the instrument specifically designed to provide the pilot with information about the aircraft's climb rate. It measures the rate of altitude change, typically displayed in feet per minute (fpm). When the aircraft climbs, the VSI shows a positive rate, indicating how quickly the aircraft is gaining altitude. Conversely, during descent, it displays a negative rate, indicating how quickly the aircraft is losing altitude.

The airspeed indicator measures the speed of the aircraft relative to the surrounding air, which does not directly convey information about climb rate. The altimeter provides altitude information but does not indicate the rate of climb or descent. The attitude indicator shows the aircraft's orientation relative to the horizon but lacks any detail on altitude change. Thus, the vertical speed indicator is the primary instrument used to assess the aircraft's climb rate, making it the correct choice.