What is the main function of the emergency locator transmitter (ELT)?

The main function of the emergency locator transmitter (ELT) is to aid search and rescue by transmitting a distress signal. ELTs are critical safety devices used in aviation to ensure that in the event of an accident or emergency, rescue personnel can quickly locate the downed aircraft. When activated, either automatically upon impact or manually by the pilot, the ELT emits a distinct signal on specific emergency frequencies. These signals can be received by satellites or search and rescue teams, allowing for a faster and more efficient response to locate and assist the occupants of the aircraft.

The other options do not accurately depict the primary purpose of an ELT. While providing real-time weather updates and assisting in navigation are important aspects of flying, they are not the role of the ELT. Similarly, recording flight data pertains to systems like flight data recorders, not ELTs. Therefore, the role of aiding search and rescue is the defining characteristic of an ELT, emphasizing its importance in aviation safety.